2023/6/14

Guqin Music and Lessons 古琴音樂和教學

Chinese zither Guzheng Music 中國古箏音樂
Videos 短片:
Guqin Left-Hand 3 fingers 古琴左手名, 中, 食指按弦
歷史: 古琴, 亦稱琴, 古的意思是古早, 最早出現於 5,000 年左右的甲骨銘文, 書寫文字資料是在詩經 (1100 BC), 琴書中已記載伏羲 "削桐為琴", 最早被挖掘出的實物是距今約 3,000 年戰國時期的曾侯乙墓, 圖畫和書寫文字一定遠晚於此樂器出現的時代, 由此推估琴的歷史約介於五千至六千年間.

History: Guqin (Gu-Chin) is also called "Chin", Gu means ancient. It has about 5,000 to 6,000 years of history. The earliest time we found it was on the 5,000-year-old Oracle Bone Script. The written character "Chin" is shown in "The Book of Odes & Hymns" which was written around 1100 BC. The "Book of Chin" also recorded Fu-Xi (The Emperor around 7724 BC) "logged the sycamore wood to make Chin." The instrument itself has been found in the tomb of Zeng-Hou-Yi (433 BC). The picture script and written character are always much later than the instrument existed. Therefore, we estimate the "Chin" has about 5,000 - 6,000 years of history.

用途: 由於古琴乃手工製作, 工藝與漆藝技術繁雜精細, 過程漫長, 價格不斐, 兼之樂譜乃特殊文字譜 (減字譜), 一個字體中含左右手指法, 位置, 音高, 滑音走位等複雜意義, 只有識字的文人, 和社會階級高的世家 (例如官宦, 宮廷) 才有能力學習, 亦即是用在個人修身養性, 或小眾場合演奏用.

Usage: Due to the instrument requiring a long handmade process, fine craftsmanship, layers of raw lacquer tech, costly price, complicated music scores, and fingering techniques, it was only played among scholars and noble families who had the knowledge and free time for self-cultivation. Guqin is a very personal instrument. The instrument owns the same personality as the musician who plays it.

構造: 古琴只有七根用蠶絲做的琴弦, 它不像古箏有琴碼固定音高, 而需要演奏者有靈敏的耳朵, 和嫻熟的指法技巧, 在琴身上彈出正確音符. 調音是在琴身背後, 所有琴弦纏繞的兩隻木製雁足上. 古琴約長 120 cm, 寬 20 cm, 高 6 cm.

Structure: There are 7 silk strings on Guqin. It is not like Guzheng which has bridges to fix the tuning while we play. Guqin musicians must have sensitive hearing and skillful fingering techniques to play the right pitches on strings. Tuning is through all strings being twined on the two wooden "legs" on the back of the instrument. Guqin is about 120cm long, 20cm wide, and 6cm high.

音色: 古琴有迥異於其他樂器的獨特音色, (1) 散音, 右手彈音 (2) 按音, 右手彈弦, 左手同時按弦的音 (3) 泛音, 左手對準徽位輕點, 右手同時彈弦, 發出的輕越聲音

Tone Color: Guqin produces unique timbre due to the structure of the instrument and fingering skills. There are 3 kinds of tones: (1) Real Sound: Right-Hand plucking strings (2) Sliding tone and Microtone: Left-Hand press on the white dot and/or slide on the strings to get pitches and unlimited microtones (3) Overtone: right-hand plucks the string at the same time with the left-hand touch the white dot and leaves immediately to produce a clear tone.

音域: 古琴音域共 4 個八度音, 七條弦上共有 7 個散音, 91 個泛音, 和 147 個按音.

Pitch Range: Although Guqin only has 7 strings, it includes 4 octaves, 7 "real" notes, 91 overtones, and 147 both hands pitches.

樂譜: (1) 以二分法, 三分法, 及五分法, 算出定音音位 (2) 三分損益法: 將弦長分別以三分減一, 三分加一方式, 算出的按音音位, 古譜都是減字譜, 現代有數字簡譜和五線譜

Music notation: (1) Get pitches and unlimited microtone by using dichotomy, rule of thirds, and quartering (2) Three-Point Profit and Loss Method: Divide a string into 3 sections to add and/or subtract 1 to decide the pitches on the string. 

Traditional Guqin music notation is so-called "abbreviated character notation" that one character includes the instruction on (1) which string the right hand should pluck (2) the white dot that the left hand should press on (3) the skill of both hands, and (4) what pitch will be made. The modern notations have been transcript into Sofie (number) notation or Staff sheets of music for people to easily learn the instrument.
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2023/5/6

Chicken Family 2023 母雞, 小雞和公雞

Chinese zither Guzheng Music 中國古箏音樂
Videos 短片:
8/10 Chicks search for food in the yard 小雞跟養母小苑學覓食 (1)
Chicks search for food in the yard 小雞跟養母小苑學覓食 (2)
7/30 Chicks follow foster mom white Wyandotte 白清遠雞充當養母, 照顧金雞留下的 6 隻雞寶
孤兒雞寶快樂跟著養母午休 6 Orphan chicks happily follow their foster mom
小雞跟著養母擠在角落梳羽毛 Chicks follow their foster mom
7/20 雞寶小院探險: 今年的雞寶很聰明, 才出生三天, 就能跳上巨石, 跟媽媽進入小院探險, 幫它們在小院角落另置一窩, 食盒水壺搬進去, 媽媽很滿意
7/18 Orpington Mom and 7 Chicks 金母雞和七隻寶寶
5/25 母雞站蘋果樹上開會, 公雞一旁陪伴 Hens are on the apple tree
4/29 Roosters sing and dance to please hens 公雞唱歌跳舞取悅母雞
Roosters sing together 公雞唱和
Rooster friends 哥兒倆
Rooster searches for food 公雞覓食
Chickens eat peanuts 雞吃花生米
12/21 小公雞長大了, 開始變聲啼叫, 媽媽是金母雞, 爸爸是性感雞
金黃小公雞和黑九斤黃叔叔
金黃小公雞和姊妹叔姨
10/08 雞兒喜歡在羊舍午睡
羊兒午餐後返屋, 雞兒讓位
7/28 金母雞媽媽帶寶寶野外覓食時, 被浣熊攻擊吃掉頭, 一地雞毛蜿蜒至車道旁的柵欄, 可見攻擊和掙扎之猛烈
尋回分散躲在草叢裡的寶寶, 關在小苑, 保護不讓外出, 
設置舖滿細緻乾草的窩, 充足飲食, 可憐才10天大的雞寶, 被迫獨立
7/19 用圍欄隔開母雞和其他雞隻, 一讓媽媽專心孵剩下的蛋, 照顧小雞, 二避免 讓媽媽操心其他雞隻打攪, 欄內另置小水壺和食盒
7/18 共有七隻小雞出生, 四處遊逛, 媽媽也無法兼顧尚未孵出的兩顆蛋, 跟著挪窩
7/16 Orpington Mom got 5 babies 知名好媽媽金母雞, 才孵蛋兩週就有 5 隻小雞出生, 可能天氣太熱了吧, 幫她把空蛋殼從窩裡清出去, 讓她有空間繼續孵剩下的 4 顆蛋, 而且在母雞羽腹下的新生雞寶, 不會因為被空殼佔地方, 而被尚未孵出的蛋擠壓致死
5/3 White Wyandotte hen starts to set. 白懷恩多特母雞在小院雞窩裡, 開始抱窩孵蛋, 其他母雞不能進那窩下蛋, 給了她 10 顆蛋, 幫他多添了乾燥芬芳的乾草, 就不打攪她了,
這一代公母雞都是買來的純種, 母雞有金母雞 Orpington, 清遠雞, 來亨雞 Leghorn (純下白蛋, 不孵小雞), 毛毛腳的布拉姆雞, 澳洲黑雞 Australorp, 蘇賽克思雞 Speckled Sussex, 和懷恩多特雞 (Wyandotte), 但因只有兩個品種公雞: 黑色九斤黃 (毛毛腳) Cochin, 和彩色蘇賽克思雞 Speckled Sussex, 所以孵出的第二代, 除了彩色蘇賽克思小雞, 其他都會是混血,
具經驗, 第一代混血小雞最聰明, 健康, 且具父母優點, 下大顆蛋, 而且身體肥壯, 孵蛋約需 21 天 (鴨是28天), 只給了母雞開始坐窩兩天內, 其他母雞生的蛋, 因為若持續給多天下的蛋, 遲給的蛋會太晚孵出,
母雞通常會在第一隻寶寶孵出後, 多等 3-5天, 再長就不行了, 因為媽媽必須離窩, 帶已孵出的寶寶出外喝水覓食, 否則都會餓死渴死,
所以尚來不及孵出的蛋, 就會胎死蛋中, 可惜了, 小雞通常可依靠體內蛋黃營養, 維持頭三天不吃不喝, 躲在媽媽腹下睡覺
5/12 母雞離窩幾分鐘, 吃飯, 喝水, 大便, 宿便很大一坨, 很臭, 幫她窩裡舖上前幾天歌的春草, 已乾透鬆軟

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